A new analysis of two phase flow on hydrogen production from water electrolysis

It is clear that the entire world have to research, develop, demonstrate and plan for alternative energy systems for shorter term and also longer term. As a clean energy carrier, hydrogen has become increasingly important. It owes its prestige to the increase within the energy costs as a result of the equivocalness in the future availability. Two phase flow and hydrogen gas flow dynamics effect on performance of water electrolysis. Hydrogen bubbles are recognized to influence energy and mass transfer in gas-evolving electrodes. The movement of hydrogen bubbles on the electrodes in alkaline electrolysis is known to affect the reaction efficiency. Within the scope of this research, a physical modeling for the alkaline electrolysis is determined and the studies about the two-phase flow model are carried out for this model. Internal and external forces acting on the resulting bubbles are also determined. In this research, the analytical solution of two-phase flow analysis of hydrogen in the electrolysis is analyzed.     

Development of high pressure membraneless alkaline electrolyzer

A technology for cyclic generation of hydrogen and oxygen using electrodes made of variable valency material that does not need the use of separating ion-exchange membranes is presented. The technological solution enables to fabricate electrolyzers for uninterrupted producing high-pressure hydrogen with reduced energy intensity of the production. The total work for compressing 1 m³ of hydrogen and 0.5 m³ of oxygen has been estimated. Results of investigation of influence of discrete supply of DC current to the electrolysis cell, in order to improve the processes of gas evolution and to simplify the power systems of the electrolysis plant, have been considered. There is also considered an electrolysis installation equipped with a thermosorption compressor in which LaNi₅ is used as a hydride-forming compound. The comparative characteristics of the developed electrolyzer and the currently used hydrogen generators are given.     

Angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory and Ca‐binding activities of peptides prepared from tuna cooking juice and spleen proteases

Tuna cooking juice is a by‐product from the tuna canning industry. In this study, tuna cooking juice was hydrolysed by proteases extracted from the spleen. Tuna cooking juice showed the highest ACE inhibitory and Ca‐binding activities after hydrolysis for 270 and 180 min, respectively. The hydrolysate was further fractionated by ultrafiltration. The permeate exhibited highest ACE inhibitory and Ca‐binding activities when passed through 1 and 5 kDa cut‐off membranes, respectively. Gel filtration chromatography was used to determine the MW of bioactive peptides that exhibited highest ACE inhibitory and Ca‐binding activities. Those peptides that exhibited highest ACE inhibitory and Ca‐binding activities were the MW range of 238–829 Da and 1355–1880 Da, respectively. These results suggest that the tuna cooking juice and the spleen protease extract are a potential source of bioactive peptides that can be utilised as bioactive ingredients in functional food and nutraceuticals.     

Identification of Host Cellular Protein Substrates of SARS-COV-2 Main Protease

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) being associated with severe pneumonia. Like with other viruses, the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with host cell proteins is necessary for successful replication, and cleavage of cellular targets by the viral protease also may contribute to the pathogenesis, but knowledge about the human proteins that are processed by the main protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is still limited. We tested the prediction potentials of two different in silico methods for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro cleavage sites in human proteins. Short stretches of homologous host-pathogen protein sequences (SSHHPS) that are present in SARS-CoV-2 polyprotein and human proteins were identified using BLAST analysis, and the NetCorona 1.0 webserver was used to successfully predict cleavage sites, although this method was primarily developed for SARS-CoV. Human C-terminal-binding protein 1 (CTBP1) was found to be cleaved in vitro by SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, the existence of the cleavage site was proved experimentally by using a His₆-MBP-mEYFP recombinant substrate containing the predicted target sequence. Our results highlight both potentials and limitations of the tested algorithms. The identification of candidate host substrates of 3CLpro may help better develop an understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the replication and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.     

碱法造纸黑液驱油研究

在玻璃细珠充填柱人造岩心模型上进行了碱法造纸黑液驱替稠油的实验研究，考察了稠油酸值、盐、温度、岩心渗透率、注入量和注入方式的影响。在实验条件下碱法造纸黑液驱稠油的采收率较水驱提高２５％     

栉孔扇贝外套膜酸性和碱性磷酸酶电镜细胞化学研究

采用电镜细胞化学技术对栉孔贝（Chlamys farreri）外套膜中的酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和碱性磷酸酶（AKP）进行了定性定位研究。结果表明，外套膜的所有上皮细胞和结缔组织中部分务细胞呈ACP强阳性。上皮细胞中高电子密度阳性颗粒多为圆形，直径300－450mm；内多也呈ACP强阳性；微绒毛等呈弱阳性。血细胞中次级溶酶体内有数目和大小不同的ACP强阳性颗粒；内质网等内膜系统呈ACP弱阳性。外套膜的所有上皮细胞和血细胞均呈AKP强阳性。AKP阳性颗粒常沿着细胞膜分布；内质网等内膜系统呈AKP强阳性；上皮细胞中一种近圆形直径约250－420nm的颗粒也呈AKP强阳性。     

Facile optical resolution of amino acid esters via hydrolysis by an industrial enzyme in organic solvents

Racemic amino acid esters were optically resolved via hydrolysis in organic solvents by the catalysis of an industrial alkaline protease, “Alcalase”. The products which were composed mainly of L-amino acids were insoluble and easily separated by filtration. The activity of the enzyme and enantiomeric excess of the products were significantly dependent on the nature of solvent and the water content in the reaction media. Generally, high values of enantiomeric excess were obtained at low water contents. Many natural and unnatural amino acids were resolved by this method.     

Further characterisation of protease inhibitors from pigeon pea (cajanus cajan (l) millsp) seeds

Cajanus trypsin inhibitor (CTI) and Cajanus trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor (CTCI) previously purified from cv TAT-10 were further characterised. The modification of the inhibitors revealed the presence of lysine at the trypsin reactive site in both CTI and CTCI. Modification of tyrosine at the reactive site of CTCI did not abolish chymotrypsin inhibition suggesting the presence of leucine or phenylalanine as reported in other chymotrypsin inhibitors. CTCI did not contain tryptophan. Dissociation constants for the inhibitors with bovine trypsin were in the region of 0.69 nmol (CTCI) and 0.029 nmol (CTI). Although the protease inhibitors lost their inhibitory activity on exposure to 2-mercaptoethanol they remained attached to the enzyme. The inhibitors were not very effective against the protease from Helicoverpa armigera which is a serious field pest of Cajanus. Dissociation constants for the inhibitors with the larval enzyme were in the region of 100 nmol.